101 Pandas Exercises for Data Analysis

101 python pandas exercises are designed to challenge your logical muscle and to help internalize data manipulation with python’s favorite package for data analysis. The questions are of 3 levels of difficulties with L1 being the easiest to L3 being the hardest.

101 Pandas Exercises. Photo by Chester Ho.

You might also like to practice the 101 NumPy exercises, they are often used together.

UPDATE from Author: Try the interactive version of this pandas exercises, where you can solve the exercises and run the python code without leaving the page. Hope you will like it!

1. How to import pandas and check the version?

2. How to create a series from a list, numpy array and dict?

Create a pandas series from each of the items below: a list, numpy and a dictionary

Input

3. How to convert the index of a series into a column of a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L1

Convert the series ser into a dataframe with its index as another column on the dataframe.

Input

4. How to combine many series to form a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L1

Combine ser1 and ser2 to form a dataframe.

Input

5. How to assign name to the series’ index?

Difficulty Level: L1

Give a name to the series ser calling it ‘alphabets’.

Input

6. How to get the items of series A not present in series B?

Difficulty Level: L2

From ser1 remove items present in ser2.

7. How to get the items not common to both series A and series B?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get all items of ser1 and ser2 not common to both.

Input

8. How to get the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th, and max of a numeric series?

Difficuty Level: L2

Compute the minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th, and maximum of ser.

Input

9. How to get frequency counts of unique items of a series?

Difficulty Level: L1

Calculte the frequency counts of each unique value ser.

Input

10. How to keep only top 2 most frequent values as it is and replace everything else as ‘Other’?

Difficulty Level: L2

From ser, keep the top 2 most frequent items as it is and replace everything else as ‘Other’.

Input

11. How to bin a numeric series to 10 groups of equal size?

Difficulty Level: L2

Bin the series ser into 10 equal deciles and replace the values with the bin name.

Input

Desired Output

# First 5 items
0    7th
1    9th
2    7th
3    3rd
4    8th
dtype: category
Categories (10, object): [1st < 2nd < 3rd < 4th ... 7th < 8th < 9th < 10th]

12. How to convert a numpy array to a dataframe of given shape? (L1)

Difficulty Level: L1

Reshape the series ser into a dataframe with 7 rows and 5 columns

Input

13. How to find the positions of numbers that are multiples of 3 from a series?

Difficulty Level: L2

Find the positions of numbers that are multiples of 3 from ser.

Input

14. How to extract items at given positions from a series

Difficulty Level: L1

From ser, extract the items at positions in list pos.

Input

15. How to stack two series vertically and horizontally ?

Difficulty Level: L1

Stack ser1 and ser2 vertically and horizontally (to form a dataframe).

Input

# Input
ser1 = pd.Series(range(5))
ser2 = pd.Series(list('abcde'))

# Output
# Vertical
ser1.append(ser2)

# Horizontal
df = pd.concat([ser1, ser2], axis=1)
print(df)
#>    0  1
#> 0  0  a
#> 1  1  b
#> 2  2  c
#> 3  3  d
#> 4  4  e

16. How to get the positions of items of series A in another series B?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get the positions of items of ser2 in ser1 as a list.

Input

17. How to compute the mean squared error on a truth and predicted series?

Difficulty Level: L2

Compute the mean squared error of truth and pred series.

Input

18. How to convert the first character of each element in a series to uppercase?

Difficulty Level: L2

Change the first character of each word to upper case in each word of ser.

19. How to calculate the number of characters in each word in a series?

Difficulty Level: L2

Input

20. How to compute difference of differences between consequtive numbers of a series?

Difficulty Level: L1

Difference of differences between the consequtive numbers of ser.

Input

Desired Output

[nan, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.0, 8.0]
[nan, nan, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 2.0]

21. How to convert a series of date-strings to a timeseries?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Input

Desired Output

0   2010-01-01 00:00:00
1   2011-02-02 00:00:00
2   2012-03-03 00:00:00
3   2013-04-04 00:00:00
4   2014-05-05 00:00:00
5   2015-06-06 12:20:00
dtype: datetime64[ns]

# Input
ser = pd.Series(['01 Jan 2010', '02-02-2011', '20120303', '2013/04/04', '2014-05-05', '2015-06-06T12:20'])

# Solution 1
from dateutil.parser import parse
ser.map(lambda x: parse(x))

# Solution 2
pd.to_datetime(ser)
#> 0   2010-01-01 00:00:00
#> 1   2011-02-02 00:00:00
#> 2   2012-03-03 00:00:00
#> 3   2013-04-04 00:00:00
#> 4   2014-05-05 00:00:00
#> 5   2015-06-06 12:20:00
#> dtype: datetime64[ns]

22. How to get the day of month, week number, day of year and day of week from a series of date strings?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Get the day of month, week number, day of year and day of week from ser.

Input

Desired output

Date:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Week number:  [53, 5, 9, 14, 19, 23]
Day num of year:  [1, 33, 63, 94, 125, 157]
Day of week:  ['Friday', 'Wednesday', 'Saturday', 'Thursday', 'Monday', 'Saturday']

# Input
ser = pd.Series(['01 Jan 2010', '02-02-2011', '20120303', '2013/04/04', '2014-05-05', '2015-06-06T12:20'])

# Solution
from dateutil.parser import parse
ser_ts = ser.map(lambda x: parse(x))

# day of month
print("Date: ", ser_ts.dt.day.tolist())

# week number
print("Week number: ", ser_ts.dt.weekofyear.tolist())

# day of year
print("Day number of year: ", ser_ts.dt.dayofyear.tolist())

# day of week
print("Day of week: ", ser_ts.dt.weekday_name.tolist())
#> Date:  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
#> Week number:  [53, 5, 9, 14, 19, 23]
#> Day num of year:  [1, 33, 63, 94, 125, 157]
#> Day of week:  ['Friday', 'Wednesday', 'Saturday', 'Thursday', 'Monday', 'Saturday']

23. How to convert year-month string to dates corresponding to the 4th day of the month?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Change ser to dates that start with 4th of the respective months.

Input

Desired Output

0   2010-01-04
1   2011-02-04
2   2012-03-04
dtype: datetime64[ns]

import pandas as pd
# Input
ser = pd.Series(['Jan 2010', 'Feb 2011', 'Mar 2012'])

# Solution 1
from dateutil.parser import parse
# Parse the date
ser_ts = ser.map(lambda x: parse(x))

# Construct date string with date as 4
ser_datestr = ser_ts.dt.year.astype('str') + '-' + ser_ts.dt.month.astype('str') + '-' + '04'

# Format it.
[parse(i).strftime('%Y-%m-%d') for i in ser_datestr]

# Solution 2
ser.map(lambda x: parse('04 ' + x))
#> 0   2010-01-04
#> 1   2011-02-04
#> 2   2012-03-04
#> dtype: datetime64[ns]

24. How to filter words that contain atleast 2 vowels from a series?

Difficiulty Level: L3

From ser, extract words that contain atleast 2 vowels.

Input

Desired Output

0     Apple
1    Orange
4     Money
dtype: object

25. How to filter valid emails from a series?

Difficiulty Level: L3

Extract the valid emails from the series emails. The regex pattern for valid emails is provided as reference.

Input

Desired Output

1    rameses@egypt.com
2            matt@t.co
3    narendra@modi.com
dtype: object

26. How to get the mean of a series grouped by another series?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Compute the mean of weights of each fruit.

Input

fruit = pd.Series(np.random.choice(['apple', 'banana', 'carrot'], 10))
weights = pd.Series(np.linspace(1, 10, 10))
print(weight.tolist())
print(fruit.tolist())
#> [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0]
#> ['banana', 'carrot', 'apple', 'carrot', 'carrot', 'apple', 'banana', 'carrot', 'apple', 'carrot']

Desired output

# values can change due to randomness
apple     6.0
banana    4.0
carrot    5.8
dtype: float64

27. How to compute the euclidean distance between two series?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Compute the euclidean distance between series (points) p and q, without using a packaged formula.

Input

Desired Output

18.165

28. How to find all the local maxima (or peaks) in a numeric series?

Difficiulty Level: L3

Get the positions of peaks (values surrounded by smaller values on both sides) in ser.

Input

Desired output

array([1, 5, 7])

29. How to replace missing spaces in a string with the least frequent character?

Replace the spaces in my_str with the least frequent character.

Difficiulty Level: L2

Input

Desired Output

'dbccdebcabedcgade'  # least frequent is 'c'

30. How to create a TimeSeries starting ‘2000-01-01’ and 10 weekends (saturdays) after that having random numbers as values?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Desired output

# values can be random
2000-01-01    4
2000-01-08    1
2000-01-15    8
2000-01-22    4
2000-01-29    4
2000-02-05    2
2000-02-12    4
2000-02-19    9
2000-02-26    6
2000-03-04    6

31. How to fill an intermittent time series so all missing dates show up with values of previous non-missing date?

Difficiulty Level: L2

ser has missing dates and values. Make all missing dates appear and fill up with value from previous date.

Input

Desired Output

2000-01-01     1.0
2000-01-02     1.0
2000-01-03    10.0
2000-01-04    10.0
2000-01-05    10.0
2000-01-06     3.0
2000-01-07     3.0
2000-01-08     NaN

32. How to compute the autocorrelations of a numeric series?

Difficiulty Level: L3

Compute autocorrelations for the first 10 lags of ser. Find out which lag has the largest correlation.

Input

Desired output

# values will change due to randomness
[0.29999999999999999, -0.11, -0.17000000000000001, 0.46000000000000002, 0.28000000000000003, -0.040000000000000001, -0.37, 0.41999999999999998, 0.47999999999999998, 0.17999999999999999]
Lag having highest correlation:  9

33. How to import only every nth row from a csv file to create a dataframe?

Difficiulty Level: L2

Import every 50th row of BostonHousing dataset as a dataframe.

# Solution 1: Use chunks and for-loop
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/BostonHousing.csv', chunksize=50)
df2 = pd.DataFrame()
for chunk in df:
    df2 = df2.append(chunk.iloc[0,:])


# Solution 2: Use chunks and list comprehension
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/BostonHousing.csv', chunksize=50)
df2 = pd.concat([chunk.iloc[0] for chunk in df], axis=1)
df2 = df2.transpose()

# Solution 3: Use csv reader
import csv
with open('BostonHousing.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    out = []
    for i, row in enumerate(reader):
        if i%50 == 0:
            out.append(row)

df2 = pd.DataFrame(out[1:], columns=out[0])
print(df2.head())
#>                   crim    zn  indus chas                  nox     rm   age  \
#> 0              0.21977   0.0   6.91    0  0.44799999999999995  5.602  62.0
#> 1               0.0686   0.0   2.89    0                0.445  7.416  62.5
#> 2   2.7339700000000002   0.0  19.58    0                0.871  5.597  94.9
#> 3               0.0315  95.0   1.47    0  0.40299999999999997  6.975  15.3
#> 4  0.19072999999999998  22.0   5.86    0                0.431  6.718  17.5
#>
#>       dis rad  tax ptratio       b  lstat  medv
#> 0  6.0877   3  233    17.9   396.9   16.2  19.4
#> 1  3.4952   2  276    18.0   396.9   6.19  33.2
#> 2  1.5257   5  403    14.7  351.85  21.45  15.4
#> 3  7.6534   3  402    17.0   396.9   4.56  34.9
#> 4  7.8265   7  330    19.1  393.74   6.56  26.2

34. How to change column values when importing csv to a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Import the boston housing dataset, but while importing change the 'medv' (median house value) column so that values < 25 becomes ‘Low’ and > 25 becomes ‘High’.

# Solution 1: Using converter parameter
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/BostonHousing.csv',
                 converters={'medv': lambda x: 'High' if float(x) > 25 else 'Low'})


# Solution 2: Using csv reader
import csv
with open('BostonHousing.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    out = []
    for i, row in enumerate(reader):
        if i > 0:
            row[13] = 'High' if float(row[13]) > 25 else 'Low'
        out.append(row)

df = pd.DataFrame(out[1:], columns=out[0])
print(df.head())
#>                    crim    zn indus chas                  nox  \
#> 0               0.00632  18.0  2.31    0   0.5379999999999999
#> 1               0.02731   0.0  7.07    0                0.469
#> 2               0.02729   0.0  7.07    0                0.469
#> 3  0.032369999999999996   0.0  2.18    0  0.45799999999999996
#> 4               0.06905   0.0  2.18    0  0.45799999999999996
#>
#>                   rm   age     dis rad  tax ptratio       b lstat  medv
#> 0              6.575  65.2    4.09   1  296    15.3   396.9  4.98   Low
#> 1              6.421  78.9  4.9671   2  242    17.8   396.9  9.14   Low
#> 2              7.185  61.1  4.9671   2  242    17.8  392.83  4.03  High
#> 3  6.997999999999999  45.8  6.0622   3  222    18.7  394.63  2.94  High
#> 4              7.147  54.2  6.0622   3  222    18.7   396.9  5.33  High

35. How to create a dataframe with rows as strides from a given series?

Difficiulty Level: L3

Input

Desired Output

array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3],
       [ 2,  3,  4,  5],
       [ 4,  5,  6,  7],
       [ 6,  7,  8,  9],
       [ 8,  9, 10, 11],
       [10, 11, 12, 13]])

36. How to import only specified columns from a csv file?

Difficulty Level: L1

Import ‘crim’ and ‘medv’ columns of the BostonHousing dataset as a dataframe.

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/BostonHousing.csv', usecols=['crim', 'medv'])
print(df.head())
#>       crim  medv
#> 0  0.00632  24.0
#> 1  0.02731  21.6
#> 2  0.02729  34.7
#> 3  0.03237  33.4
#> 4  0.06905  36.2

37. How to get the nrows, ncolumns, datatype, summary stats of each column of a dataframe? Also get the array and list equivalent.

Difficulty Level: L2

Get the number of rows, columns, datatype and summary statistics of each column of the Cars93 dataset. Also get the numpy array and list equivalent of the dataframe.

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

#  number of rows and columns
print(df.shape)

# datatypes
print(df.dtypes)

# how many columns under each dtype
print(df.get_dtype_counts())
print(df.dtypes.value_counts())

# summary statistics
df_stats = df.describe()

# numpy array
df_arr = df.values

# list
df_list = df.values.tolist()
#> (93, 27)
#> Manufacturer           object
#> Model                  object
#> Type                   object
#> Min.Price             float64
#> Price                 float64
#> Max.Price             float64
#> MPG.city              float64
#> MPG.highway           float64
#> AirBags                object
#> DriveTrain             object
#> Cylinders              object
#> EngineSize            float64
#> Horsepower            float64
#> RPM                   float64
#> Rev.per.mile          float64
#> Man.trans.avail        object
#> Fuel.tank.capacity    float64
#> Passengers            float64
#> Length                float64
#> Wheelbase             float64
#> Width                 float64
#> Turn.circle           float64
#> Rear.seat.room        float64
#> Luggage.room          float64
#> Weight                float64
#> Origin                 object
#> Make                   object
#> dtype: object
#> float64    18
#> object      9
#> dtype: int64
#> float64    18
#> object      9
#> dtype: int64

38. How to extract the row and column number of a particular cell with given criterion?

Difficulty Level: L1

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

Which manufacturer, model and type has the highest Price? What is the row and column number of the cell with the highest Price value?

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
# Get Manufacturer with highest price
df.loc[df.Price == np.max(df.Price), ['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'Type']]

# Get Row and Column number
row, col = np.where(df.values == np.max(df.Price))

# Get the value
df.iat[row[0], col[0]]
df.iloc[row[0], col[0]]

# Alternates
df.at[row[0], 'Price']
df.get_value(row[0], 'Price')

# The difference between `iat` - `iloc` vs `at` - `loc` is:
# `iat` snd `iloc` accepts row and column numbers.
# Whereas `at` and `loc` accepts index and column names.
#> 61.899999999999999

39. How to rename a specific columns in a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Rename the column Type as CarType in df and replace the ‘.’ in column names with ‘_’.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')
print(df.columns)
#> Index(['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'Type', 'Min.Price', 'Price', 'Max.Price',
#>        'MPG.city', 'MPG.highway', 'AirBags', 'DriveTrain', 'Cylinders',
#>        'EngineSize', 'Horsepower', 'RPM', 'Rev.per.mile', 'Man.trans.avail',
#>        'Fuel.tank.capacity', 'Passengers', 'Length', 'Wheelbase', 'Width',
#>        'Turn.circle', 'Rear.seat.room', 'Luggage.room', 'Weight', 'Origin',
#>        'Make'],
#>       dtype='object')

Desired Solution

print(df.columns)
#> Index(['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'CarType', 'Min_Price', 'Price', 'Max_Price',
#>        'MPG_city', 'MPG_highway', 'AirBags', 'DriveTrain', 'Cylinders',
#>        'EngineSize', 'Horsepower', 'RPM', 'Rev_per_mile', 'Man_trans_avail',
#>        'Fuel_tank_capacity', 'Passengers', 'Length', 'Wheelbase', 'Width',
#>        'Turn_circle', 'Rear_seat_room', 'Luggage_room', 'Weight', 'Origin',
#>        'Make'],
#>       dtype='object')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
# Step 1:
df=df.rename(columns = {'Type':'CarType'})
# or
df.columns.values[2] = "CarType"

# Step 2:
df.columns = df.columns.map(lambda x: x.replace('.', '_'))
print(df.columns)
#> Index(['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'CarType', 'Min_Price', 'Price', 'Max_Price',
#>        'MPG_city', 'MPG_highway', 'AirBags', 'DriveTrain', 'Cylinders',
#>        'EngineSize', 'Horsepower', 'RPM', 'Rev_per_mile', 'Man_trans_avail',
#>        'Fuel_tank_capacity', 'Passengers', 'Length', 'Wheelbase', 'Width',
#>        'Turn_circle', 'Rear_seat_room', 'Luggage_room', 'Weight', 'Origin',
#>        'Make'],
#>       dtype='object')

40. How to check if a dataframe has any missing values?

Difficulty Level: L1

Check if df has any missing values.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
df.isnull().values.any()

41. How to count the number of missing values in each column?

Difficulty Level: L2

Count the number of missing values in each column of df. Which column has the maximum number of missing values?

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
n_missings_each_col = df.apply(lambda x: x.isnull().sum())
n_missings_each_col.argmax()
#> 'Luggage.room'

42. How to replace missing values of multiple numeric columns with the mean?

Difficulty Level: L2

Replace missing values in Min.Price and Max.Price columns with their respective mean.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
df_out = df[['Min.Price', 'Max.Price']] = df[['Min.Price', 'Max.Price']].apply(lambda x: x.fillna(x.mean()))
print(df_out.head())
#>    Min.Price  Max.Price
#> 0  12.900000  18.800000
#> 1  29.200000  38.700000
#> 2  25.900000  32.300000
#> 3  17.118605  44.600000
#> 4  17.118605  21.459091

43. How to use apply function on existing columns with global variables as additional arguments?

Difficulty Level: L3

In df, use apply method to replace the missing values in Min.Price with the column’s mean and those in Max.Price with the column’s median.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

Use Hint from StackOverflow

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
d = {'Min.Price': np.nanmean, 'Max.Price': np.nanmedian}
df[['Min.Price', 'Max.Price']] = df[['Min.Price', 'Max.Price']].apply(lambda x, d: x.fillna(d[x.name](x)), args=(d, ))

44. How to select a specific column from a dataframe as a dataframe instead of a series?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get the first column (a) in df as a dataframe (rather than as a Series).

Input

45. How to change the order of columns of a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L3

Actually 3 questions.

1. In df, interchange columns 'a' and 'c'.
2. Create a generic function to interchange two columns, without hardcoding column names.
3. Sort the columns in reverse alphabetical order, that is colume 'e' first through column 'a' last.

Input

46. How to set the number of rows and columns displayed in the output?

Difficulty Level: L2

Change the pamdas display settings on printing the dataframe df it shows a maximum of 10 rows and 10 columns.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 10)
pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 10)
# df

# Show all available options
# pd.describe_option()

47. How to format or suppress scientific notations in a pandas dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Suppress scientific notations like ‘e-03’ in df and print upto 4 numbers after decimal.

Input

Desired Output

#>    random
#> 0  0.0035
#> 1  0.0000
#> 2  0.0747
#> 3  0.0000

48. How to format all the values in a dataframe as percentages?

Difficulty Level: L2

Format the values in column 'random' of df as percentages.

Input

Desired Output

#>      random
#> 0    68.97%
#> 1    95.72%
#> 2    15.91%
#> 3    2.10%

# Input
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(4), columns=['random'])

# Solution
out = df.style.format({
    'random': '{0:.2%}'.format,
})

out

49. How to filter every nth row in a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L1

From df, filter the 'Manufacturer', 'Model' and 'Type' for every 20th row starting from 1st (row 0).

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv')

# Solution
print(df.iloc[::20, :][['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'Type']])
#>    Manufacturer    Model     Type
#> 0         Acura  Integra    Small
#> 20     Chrysler  LeBaron  Compact
#> 40        Honda  Prelude   Sporty
#> 60      Mercury   Cougar  Midsize
#> 80       Subaru   Loyale    Small

50. How to create a primary key index by combining relevant columns?

Difficulty Level: L2

In df, Replace NaNs with ‘missing’ in columns 'Manufacturer', 'Model' and 'Type' and create a index as a combination of these three columns and check if the index is a primary key.

Input

df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv', usecols=[0,1,2,3,5])

Desired Output

                       Manufacturer    Model     Type  Min.Price  Max.Price
Acura_Integra_Small           Acura  Integra    Small       12.9       18.8
missing_Legend_Midsize      missing   Legend  Midsize       29.2       38.7
Audi_90_Compact                Audi       90  Compact       25.9       32.3
Audi_100_Midsize               Audi      100  Midsize        NaN       44.6
BMW_535i_Midsize                BMW     535i  Midsize        NaN        NaN

# Input
df = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/selva86/datasets/master/Cars93_miss.csv', usecols=[0,1,2,3,5])

# Solution
df[['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'Type']] = df[['Manufacturer', 'Model', 'Type']].fillna('missing')
df.index = df.Manufacturer + '_' + df.Model + '_' + df.Type
print(df.index.is_unique)
#> True

51. How to get the row number of the nth largest value in a column?

Difficulty Level: L2

Find the row position of the 5th largest value of column 'a' in df.

Input

52. How to find the position of the nth largest value greater than a given value?

Difficulty Level: L2

In ser, find the position of the 2nd largest value greater than the mean.

Input

53. How to get the last n rows of a dataframe with row sum > 100?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get the last two rows of df whose row sum is greater than 100.

54. How to find and cap outliers from a series or dataframe column?

Difficulty Level: L2

Replace all values of ser in the lower 5%ile and greater than 95%ile with respective 5th and 95th %ile value.

Input

55. How to reshape a dataframe to the largest possible square after removing the negative values?

Difficulty Level: L3

Reshape df to the largest possible square with negative values removed. Drop the smallest values if need be. The order of the positive numbers in the result should remain the same as the original.

Input

56. How to swap two rows of a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Swap rows 1 and 2 in df.

Input

57. How to reverse the rows of a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Reverse all the rows of dataframe df.

Input

58. How to create one-hot encodings of a categorical variable (dummy variables)?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get one-hot encodings for column 'a' in the dataframe df and append it as columns.

Input

df = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(25).reshape(5,-1), columns=list('abcde'))
    a   b   c   d   e
0   0   1   2   3   4
1   5   6   7   8   9
2  10  11  12  13  14
3  15  16  17  18  19
4  20  21  22  23  24

Output

   0  5  10  15  20   b   c   d   e
0  1  0   0   0   0   1   2   3   4
1  0  1   0   0   0   6   7   8   9
2  0  0   1   0   0  11  12  13  14
3  0  0   0   1   0  16  17  18  19
4  0  0   0   0   1  21  22  23  24

59. Which column contains the highest number of row-wise maximum values?

Difficulty Level: L2

Obtain the column name with the highest number of row-wise maximum’s in df.

60. How to create a new column that contains the row number of nearest column by euclidean distance?

Create a new column such that, each row contains the row number of nearest row-record by euclidean distance.

Difficulty Level: L3

Input

Desired Output

61. How to know the maximum possible correlation value of each column against other columns?

Difficulty Level: L2

Compute maximum possible absolute correlation value of each column against other columns in df.

Input

62. How to create a column containing the minimum by maximum of each row?

Difficulty Level: L2

Compute the minimum-by-maximum for every row of df.

63. How to create a column that contains the penultimate value in each row?

Difficulty Level: L2

Create a new column 'penultimate' which has the second largest value of each row of df.

Input

64. How to normalize all columns in a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

1. Normalize all columns of df by subtracting the column mean and divide by standard deviation.
2. Range all columns of df such that the minimum value in each column is 0 and max is 1.

Don’t use external packages like sklearn.

Input

65. How to compute the correlation of each row with the suceeding row?

Difficulty Level: L2

Compute the correlation of each row of df with its succeeding row.

Input

66. How to replace both the diagonals of dataframe with 0?

Difficulty Level: L2

Replace both values in both diagonals of df with 0.

Input

Desired output

67. How to get the particular group of a groupby dataframe by key?

Difficulty Level: L2

This is a question related to understanding of grouped dataframe. From df_grouped, get the group belonging to 'apple' as a dataframe.

Input

68. How to get the n’th largest value of a column when grouped by another column?

Difficulty Level: L2

In df, find the second largest value of 'taste' for 'banana'

Input

69. How to compute grouped mean on pandas dataframe and keep the grouped column as another column (not index)?

Difficulty Level: L1

In df, Compute the mean price of every fruit, while keeping the fruit as another column instead of an index.

Input

70. How to join two dataframes by 2 columns so they have only the common rows?

Difficulty Level: L2

Join dataframes df1 and df2 by ‘fruit-pazham’ and ‘weight-kilo’.

Input

# Input
df1 = pd.DataFrame({'fruit': ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'] * 3,
                    'weight': ['high', 'medium', 'low'] * 3,
                    'price': np.random.randint(0, 15, 9)})

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'pazham': ['apple', 'orange', 'pine'] * 2,
                    'kilo': ['high', 'low'] * 3,
                    'price': np.random.randint(0, 15, 6)})

# Solution
pd.merge(df1, df2, how='inner', left_on=['fruit', 'weight'], right_on=['pazham', 'pounds'], suffixes=['_left', '_right'])

72. How to get the positions where values of two columns match?

Difficulty Level: L2

73. How to create lags and leads of a column in a dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Create two new columns in df, one of which is a lag1 (shift column a down by 1 row) of column ‘a’ and the other is a lead1 (shift column b up by 1 row).

Input

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(1, 100, 20).reshape(-1, 4), columns = list('abcd'))

    a   b   c   d
0  66  34  76  47
1  20  86  10  81
2  75  73  51  28
3   1   1   9  83
4  30  47  67   4

Desired Output

    a   b   c   d  a_lag1  b_lead1
0  66  34  76  47     NaN     86.0
1  20  86  10  81    66.0     73.0
2  75  73  51  28    20.0      1.0
3   1   1   9  83    75.0     47.0
4  30  47  67   4     1.0      NaN

74. How to get the frequency of unique values in the entire dataframe?

Difficulty Level: L2

Get the frequency of unique values in the entire dataframe df.

Input

75. How to split a text column into two separate columns?

Difficulty Level: L2

Split the string column in df to form a dataframe with 3 columns as shown.

Input

Desired Output

0 STD        City        State
1  33     Kolkata  West Bengal
2  44     Chennai   Tamil Nadu
3  40   Hyderabad    Telengana
4  80   Bangalore    Karnataka

To be continued . .